1 00:00:03,080 --> 00:00:06,320 comet Hallie is making its regular 76 2 00:00:06,320 --> 00:00:06,330 comet Hallie is making its regular 76 3 00:00:06,330 --> 00:00:09,020 comet Hallie is making its regular 76 year pilgrimage around our Sun as it has 4 00:00:09,020 --> 00:00:09,030 year pilgrimage around our Sun as it has 5 00:00:09,030 --> 00:00:11,690 year pilgrimage around our Sun as it has been doing for countless centuries the 6 00:00:11,690 --> 00:00:11,700 been doing for countless centuries the 7 00:00:11,700 --> 00:00:13,700 been doing for countless centuries the comet is the target of study for five 8 00:00:13,700 --> 00:00:13,710 comet is the target of study for five 9 00:00:13,710 --> 00:00:16,250 comet is the target of study for five exploratory spacecraft from Europe Japan 10 00:00:16,250 --> 00:00:16,260 exploratory spacecraft from Europe Japan 11 00:00:16,260 --> 00:00:17,779 exploratory spacecraft from Europe Japan and the Soviet Union 12 00:00:17,779 --> 00:00:17,789 and the Soviet Union 13 00:00:17,789 --> 00:00:20,420 and the Soviet Union each quizzing by the giant snowball of 14 00:00:20,420 --> 00:00:20,430 each quizzing by the giant snowball of 15 00:00:20,430 --> 00:00:23,090 each quizzing by the giant snowball of ice gas and dust from different vantage 16 00:00:23,090 --> 00:00:23,100 ice gas and dust from different vantage 17 00:00:23,100 --> 00:00:26,210 ice gas and dust from different vantage points the European Space Agency's 18 00:00:26,210 --> 00:00:26,220 points the European Space Agency's 19 00:00:26,220 --> 00:00:28,220 points the European Space Agency's Giotto spacecraft will be the most 20 00:00:28,220 --> 00:00:28,230 Giotto spacecraft will be the most 21 00:00:28,230 --> 00:00:30,470 Giotto spacecraft will be the most daring probe by taking a flight path 22 00:00:30,470 --> 00:00:30,480 daring probe by taking a flight path 23 00:00:30,480 --> 00:00:33,110 daring probe by taking a flight path just 300 miles in front of the Comets 24 00:00:33,110 --> 00:00:33,120 just 300 miles in front of the Comets 25 00:00:33,120 --> 00:00:35,750 just 300 miles in front of the Comets head Johto hopes to photograph the 26 00:00:35,750 --> 00:00:35,760 head Johto hopes to photograph the 27 00:00:35,760 --> 00:00:38,959 head Johto hopes to photograph the comet's nucleus to other highly 28 00:00:38,959 --> 00:00:38,969 comet's nucleus to other highly 29 00:00:38,969 --> 00:00:41,720 comet's nucleus to other highly instrumented Soviet spacecraft Vega 1 30 00:00:41,720 --> 00:00:41,730 instrumented Soviet spacecraft Vega 1 31 00:00:41,730 --> 00:00:44,299 instrumented Soviet spacecraft Vega 1 and Vega 2 are scheduled to fly by the 32 00:00:44,299 --> 00:00:44,309 and Vega 2 are scheduled to fly by the 33 00:00:44,309 --> 00:00:46,310 and Vega 2 are scheduled to fly by the comet at a distance of six thousand 34 00:00:46,310 --> 00:00:46,320 comet at a distance of six thousand 35 00:00:46,320 --> 00:00:49,040 comet at a distance of six thousand miles hoping also to obtain images of 36 00:00:49,040 --> 00:00:49,050 miles hoping also to obtain images of 37 00:00:49,050 --> 00:00:52,490 miles hoping also to obtain images of the comet's nucleus lastly two japanese 38 00:00:52,490 --> 00:00:52,500 the comet's nucleus lastly two japanese 39 00:00:52,500 --> 00:00:55,189 the comet's nucleus lastly two japanese spacecraft studying halle our planet aid 40 00:00:55,189 --> 00:00:55,199 spacecraft studying halle our planet aid 41 00:00:55,199 --> 00:00:57,350 spacecraft studying halle our planet aid which approaches the Sun would side of 42 00:00:57,350 --> 00:00:57,360 which approaches the Sun would side of 43 00:00:57,360 --> 00:00:59,569 which approaches the Sun would side of Halle at a distance of 120 thousand 44 00:00:59,569 --> 00:00:59,579 Halle at a distance of 120 thousand 45 00:00:59,579 --> 00:01:02,510 Halle at a distance of 120 thousand miles and Sakigake which will pass about 46 00:01:02,510 --> 00:01:02,520 miles and Sakigake which will pass about 47 00:01:02,520 --> 00:01:05,960 miles and Sakigake which will pass about 4 million miles from the comet a list of 48 00:01:05,960 --> 00:01:05,970 4 million miles from the comet a list of 49 00:01:05,970 --> 00:01:08,120 4 million miles from the comet a list of other American spacecraft slated for 50 00:01:08,120 --> 00:01:08,130 other American spacecraft slated for 51 00:01:08,130 --> 00:01:11,179 other American spacecraft slated for study of the comet includes Astro one 52 00:01:11,179 --> 00:01:11,189 study of the comet includes Astro one 53 00:01:11,189 --> 00:01:14,359 study of the comet includes Astro one the Spartan Valley platform both will be 54 00:01:14,359 --> 00:01:14,369 the Spartan Valley platform both will be 55 00:01:14,369 --> 00:01:16,100 the Spartan Valley platform both will be maintained by the Space Shuttle the 56 00:01:16,100 --> 00:01:16,110 maintained by the Space Shuttle the 57 00:01:16,110 --> 00:01:19,310 maintained by the Space Shuttle the solar maximum mission satellite pioneer 58 00:01:19,310 --> 00:01:19,320 solar maximum mission satellite pioneer 59 00:01:19,320 --> 00:01:21,649 solar maximum mission satellite pioneer Venus and the International cometary 60 00:01:21,649 --> 00:01:21,659 Venus and the International cometary 61 00:01:21,659 --> 00:01:24,560 Venus and the International cometary Explorer in order to get the best use 62 00:01:24,560 --> 00:01:24,570 Explorer in order to get the best use 63 00:01:24,570 --> 00:01:26,179 Explorer in order to get the best use out of all the research being done on 64 00:01:26,179 --> 00:01:26,189 out of all the research being done on 65 00:01:26,189 --> 00:01:31,120 out of all the research being done on the common 66 00:01:31,120 --> 00:01:31,130 67 00:01:31,130 --> 00:01:32,960 amateur and professional astronomers 68 00:01:32,960 --> 00:01:32,970 amateur and professional astronomers 69 00:01:32,970 --> 00:01:35,810 amateur and professional astronomers from 47 different countries have joined 70 00:01:35,810 --> 00:01:35,820 from 47 different countries have joined 71 00:01:35,820 --> 00:01:38,540 from 47 different countries have joined forces the Howey encounter is a 72 00:01:38,540 --> 00:01:38,550 forces the Howey encounter is a 73 00:01:38,550 --> 00:01:41,180 forces the Howey encounter is a once-in-a-lifetime chance to study one 74 00:01:41,180 --> 00:01:41,190 once-in-a-lifetime chance to study one 75 00:01:41,190 --> 00:01:42,980 once-in-a-lifetime chance to study one of the most primitive objects in our 76 00:01:42,980 --> 00:01:42,990 of the most primitive objects in our 77 00:01:42,990 --> 00:01:46,940 of the most primitive objects in our solar system a program dedicated to 78 00:01:46,940 --> 00:01:46,950 solar system a program dedicated to 79 00:01:46,950 --> 00:01:48,560 solar system a program dedicated to visiting some of the planets in our 80 00:01:48,560 --> 00:01:48,570 visiting some of the planets in our 81 00:01:48,570 --> 00:01:50,960 visiting some of the planets in our solar system with two unmanned probes 82 00:01:50,960 --> 00:01:50,970 solar system with two unmanned probes 83 00:01:50,970 --> 00:01:53,450 solar system with two unmanned probes has had a history of success ever since 84 00:01:53,450 --> 00:01:53,460 has had a history of success ever since 85 00:01:53,460 --> 00:01:57,050 has had a history of success ever since its beginning in 1977 Voyager 1 and 86 00:01:57,050 --> 00:01:57,060 its beginning in 1977 Voyager 1 and 87 00:01:57,060 --> 00:02:02,480 its beginning in 1977 Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 were both launched now having 88 00:02:02,480 --> 00:02:02,490 Voyager 2 were both launched now having 89 00:02:02,490 --> 00:02:04,760 Voyager 2 were both launched now having logged nearly 2 billion miles in space 90 00:02:04,760 --> 00:02:04,770 logged nearly 2 billion miles in space 91 00:02:04,770 --> 00:02:08,180 logged nearly 2 billion miles in space since 1977 Voyager 2 will point its 92 00:02:08,180 --> 00:02:08,190 since 1977 Voyager 2 will point its 93 00:02:08,190 --> 00:02:10,460 since 1977 Voyager 2 will point its sensors and TV cameras at a planet we 94 00:02:10,460 --> 00:02:10,470 sensors and TV cameras at a planet we 95 00:02:10,470 --> 00:02:14,030 sensors and TV cameras at a planet we have never seen up close Uranus Voyager 96 00:02:14,030 --> 00:02:14,040 have never seen up close Uranus Voyager 97 00:02:14,040 --> 00:02:15,920 have never seen up close Uranus Voyager project scientist dr. Edward stone 98 00:02:15,920 --> 00:02:15,930 project scientist dr. Edward stone 99 00:02:15,930 --> 00:02:18,290 project scientist dr. Edward stone NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in 100 00:02:18,290 --> 00:02:18,300 NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in 101 00:02:18,300 --> 00:02:20,510 NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena California well there are 102 00:02:20,510 --> 00:02:20,520 Pasadena California well there are 103 00:02:20,520 --> 00:02:22,160 Pasadena California well there are several unique things about Uranus first 104 00:02:22,160 --> 00:02:22,170 several unique things about Uranus first 105 00:02:22,170 --> 00:02:23,720 several unique things about Uranus first of all it's the most remote planet that 106 00:02:23,720 --> 00:02:23,730 of all it's the most remote planet that 107 00:02:23,730 --> 00:02:25,160 of all it's the most remote planet that we will we will have visited in the 108 00:02:25,160 --> 00:02:25,170 we will we will have visited in the 109 00:02:25,170 --> 00:02:27,800 we will we will have visited in the Solar System it formed in a much colder 110 00:02:27,800 --> 00:02:27,810 Solar System it formed in a much colder 111 00:02:27,810 --> 00:02:29,780 Solar System it formed in a much colder region of the solar nebula and therefore 112 00:02:29,780 --> 00:02:29,790 region of the solar nebula and therefore 113 00:02:29,790 --> 00:02:31,220 region of the solar nebula and therefore is made of different materials than 114 00:02:31,220 --> 00:02:31,230 is made of different materials than 115 00:02:31,230 --> 00:02:33,530 is made of different materials than either Jupiter or Saturn so we will be 116 00:02:33,530 --> 00:02:33,540 either Jupiter or Saturn so we will be 117 00:02:33,540 --> 00:02:35,180 either Jupiter or Saturn so we will be studying the different properties of 118 00:02:35,180 --> 00:02:35,190 studying the different properties of 119 00:02:35,190 --> 00:02:37,580 studying the different properties of Uranus and its satellites the other 120 00:02:37,580 --> 00:02:37,590 Uranus and its satellites the other 121 00:02:37,590 --> 00:02:39,229 Uranus and its satellites the other interesting thing about Uranus is that 122 00:02:39,229 --> 00:02:39,239 interesting thing about Uranus is that 123 00:02:39,239 --> 00:02:40,820 interesting thing about Uranus is that it's tipped over on its side with its 124 00:02:40,820 --> 00:02:40,830 it's tipped over on its side with its 125 00:02:40,830 --> 00:02:42,740 it's tipped over on its side with its spin axis at this time basically 126 00:02:42,740 --> 00:02:42,750 spin axis at this time basically 127 00:02:42,750 --> 00:02:44,720 spin axis at this time basically pointing at the Sun so it's it has a 128 00:02:44,720 --> 00:02:44,730 pointing at the Sun so it's it has a 129 00:02:44,730 --> 00:02:46,070 pointing at the Sun so it's it has a much different orientation with respect 130 00:02:46,070 --> 00:02:46,080 much different orientation with respect 131 00:02:46,080 --> 00:02:49,010 much different orientation with respect to the Sun many questions will be 132 00:02:49,010 --> 00:02:49,020 to the Sun many questions will be 133 00:02:49,020 --> 00:02:51,199 to the Sun many questions will be answered during the encounter before the 134 00:02:51,199 --> 00:02:51,209 answered during the encounter before the 135 00:02:51,209 --> 00:02:53,750 answered during the encounter before the tiny one-ton spacecraft ventures even 136 00:02:53,750 --> 00:02:53,760 tiny one-ton spacecraft ventures even 137 00:02:53,760 --> 00:02:56,330 tiny one-ton spacecraft ventures even further into our solar system to visit 138 00:02:56,330 --> 00:02:56,340 further into our solar system to visit 139 00:02:56,340 --> 00:03:03,680 further into our solar system to visit the eighth planet from the Sun Neptune 140 00:03:03,680 --> 00:03:03,690 141 00:03:03,690 --> 00:03:05,750 you